Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners

Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners The Prize: Equal Rights Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela are two men who dedicated their lives to fight for equal rights. They are united by common goals but walked on different paths in their struggles against the oppressors. The major commonality, which made both men brilliant leaders and revolutionary thinkers, was their passion. The passion they had for their beliefs and turning their visions into reality. Tosh and Mandela’s divergent approaches started during their youth and followed both individuals through a lifetime struggle. Peter Tosh was born on October 9, 1944 in Westmoreland, Jamaica. Born with the name Winston Huburt McIntosh, curtsey of his absent†¦show more content†¦You cannot turn Rasta man, you have to be born a Rasta (Walker, Tough Tosh). His childhood experiences turned him into a tough man ready to conquer the Babylon. Nelson Mandela had a very different childhood than Peter Tosh. Born in a small village called Umtata in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918; Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was destined to fight for his people. His father was the chief of their tribe, meaning that young Nelson had the role of taking over the position when his father passed away. Mandela grew up in a loving home with his parents and close ties to his many relatives. Supporting people who cared for his well being constantly surrounded him. The small African village consisted of small huts with dirt floors and their diet was mostly corn that they grew in the fields. They had no luxuries, no true ownership and made next to no money. Young Nelson grew up wearing only a blanket until age seven when an opportunity arose, to be the first in his family to attend school. Mandela recalls, On the first day of school, my teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave each of us an English name and said that from thenceforth that was the name we would answer to in school†¦The education I received was a British education, in which British ideas, British culture, British institutions, were automatically assumed superior. There was no such thing as African culture (Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom). What exactly does this experience mark

My Learner s Academic Development On Their Past Work And...

I am basing my descriptions of my Average Learner’s academic development on their past work and observations. They can read and understand simple texts. In fact, the history textbook for this class is within their reading level and so they can read and understood information therein. In addition, they can listen and follow verbal instructions. For them, I do not have to repeat nor display my instruction on the whiteboard nor through PowerPoint slides, but I do sometimes have to speak slower to assure they can hear what I say. They can write simple and complex sentences, with a high degree of clarity. (I will provide further information about this when I describe their language development later in this paper). Collectively, they can collaborate in groups, preferably of no more than three students in a group, because anything more is not conducive to learning. The reason they work well together because most know each other from being in the same classes last year and the on the same sport team—this class has many baseball players. Insofar, this has proven to be advantageous, by having them in groups, and I could not be more satisfied with the results. However, they are not perfect students. They have gaps in their speculative developments. One of them is, comprehending primary sources. They are still learning to comprehend primary document texts. For example, in the past, I had tried using length, a page long or more, and unedited primary documents. I had used GeorgeShow MoreRelatedMotivation, Learning, Classroom Processes, Learner, And Learning1729 Words   |  7 PagesIn Educational Psychology we have learned many things ranging from The Learner, Learning, Classroom Processes, Learner diversity and so much more. One of the main topics that caught my attention would be Chapter 10 in our PSY 220 textbook which is called â€Å"Motivation and Learning†. This particular subject is important because it is one that all of us, teacher and student alike can relate to. We all have different motivations and learning agendas and this topic really highlights the highly talkedRead MoreEssay Reflective Evaluation on ‘Preparing to Teach’1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmodule has been invaluable to my teaching practice, making me more effective, improving and developing my performance aiding CPD and PDP, recognising weakness and strengths, and assisting me in learning through self reflection and action. (Jones et al. 2006: i). The first phase of the module was a purposeful introduction to the context of the teacher in the teaching environment. Through learning about the role and responsibilities of the teacher, knowing your learner, and diagnostic assessment. Read MoreEnglish Language Learners : Bilingual Education1694 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the nineteenth and early twentieth century there was no set way of how to teach an English-language learner. Some schools practiced bilingual education. Other schools placed immigrant children in English-language learner programs to prepare them for the English-only classroom. Other schools segregated schools specifically for the immigrants aimed at teaching t hem the language. Some schools just placed immigrant children in English-only classrooms and hoped they would learn. Even though schoolsRead MoreProfessional Development Plan For An Advanced Practice Nurse Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Development Plan Adetola Okutubo Walden University NURS 6001, Spring Qtr. 02/29-05/22-PT3, Foundations of Graduate Study April 3, 2016 Professional Development Plan In furtherance of a lifelong desire to become an advanced practice nurse, I herewith articulate my professional development plan (PDP) based on Walden University’s program of study (POS), in alignment with my personal and professional goals. I welcome this opportunity to begin the development of professional portfolioRead MoreMotivating Student Motivation For Students1620 Words   |  7 Pagesin the classroom.  Mainstreaming CSEP (Comprehensive Special Education Program) in a General Education Setting Teachers and students will agree that there is not enough time in the school day to complete what needs to be done. From personal observation, students are falling between, the cracks, getting left behind and lost in their learning due to the lack of opportunities and support in the classroom to check and review their understanding of the content. Teachers are overloading curriculumRead MoreProfessional Reflection from an Experienced Teacher Essay1898 Words   |  8 PagesI have been a teacher for 12 years and in that time I have developed a deep understanding of pedagogy and teacher training practices. I have been involved in the development of the successful teaching and learning model at Cramlington Learning Village, and a comprehensive knowledge of Accelerated learning, Effective Teacher Behaviours, Assessment for learning, Collaborative learning, Thinking for Learning, effective and creative use of ICT, the Learning to learn approach and of Enquiry Based LearningRead MoreTea ching Vocabulary For Children Learning2835 Words   |  12 Pagesteachers have taught vocabulary to their English Language Learners (ELLs) for years. Many strategies used in the past such as using a dictionary and defining the specified vocabulary left out an integral part of language acquisition, using the word in context. According to Kinsella (2005), Students do not acquire academic language simply by listening to literate presentations by teachers. Vulnerable second language learners need direct, recognizable, and accountable instruction ofRead MoreAction Research for Esl Students5641 Words   |  23 Pages..Page References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page Issues Regarding English as a Second Action Research Proposal 3 Abstract: The issue of Immersing English as a Second Language and English Language Learners into the general education classroom has caused many concerns to educators, parents and administrators. These factors range from respect for these students economic backgrounds, cultures and beliefs to the teachers not being fully trained to handleRead MoreCase Study On A Multi-Tiered System Of Supports972 Words   |  4 Pages2016-2017 Language: The district initiative for this year is to focus on a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (M TSS). Over the last two years, staff has received training in CITW strategies, which support s and provides best practice instructional strategies for the core instruction of our MTSS model. In addition, the district emphasizes that staff utilize a variety of data to inform instruction at all levels of support. First Paragraph: District/ School Initiatives The district will continue toRead MoreAssessment Methods1351 Words   |  6 PagesCritically evaluate a range of assessment methods for a specific group of learners. The 12 principles of Good Assessment and Feedback were produced by Academic Policy Committee and agreed by Senate in 2008. They are intended to help academic staffs who wishes to promote student engagement and self-regulation in learning http://www.strath.ac.uk/learnteach/teaching/staff/assessfeedback/12principles/16.30on 12/05/2010 The principles of good assessment are Help clarify what good performance is.

The Empire and Colonialism in Asia Free Essays

Modern European empires came about because of the desire for the wealth to be had from overseas trading and markets. European countries that acquired empires did not plan these conquests. Europe was trading with Asia and other parts of the world long before modern empires arose. We will write a custom essay sample on The Empire and Colonialism in Asia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The success of early trading and the need to expand their markets led the powers of Europe to find the means to secure overseas lands for their exclusive use. Also the fierce competition between European countries for trade and world markets led to the securing of overseas interests which led to empires. Economic expansion played a key part in the building of European empires. â€Å"An empire is a system of interaction between two political entities. One is dominant and exerts political control over internal and external policy, the other is weak. † Imperialism is the desire to control colonies or dependencies and imperialism is how empires are formed. European countries had to have the power to dominate other societies. Attributes that European countries had to encourage imperialism and empire were a centralised government, differentiated economies and a shared political loyalty. Military strength was vital too, both on land and on the sea. qualities, but they also had to have the drive to acquire an empire. Control of a vast empire fed into national pride. Colonialism was the policy used to expand a country’s influence and power. When a foreign power rules another group of people (usually separated from them by an ocean) a colony is formed. The ruling power usually sent its own people to govern. This was allowed to happen by virtue of the ruling country’s advanced state of technology and more complex society. Europe was lured into the outside orld through the prospect of trade. Colonies provided many economic benefits such as sources of raw materials, markets for surplus goods, new goods that could be traded to other countries (such as diamonds, gold and spices) and investment opportunities. There were other reasons for expansion such as security considerations and spreading religion, but it was the huge economic benefits that fueled the fire of imperialism. The Portuguese and the Spanish began their quest for empire in the fifteenth century and they were closely followed by the British and the Dutch in the seventeenth century. This desire for expansion was known as capitalism, the drive to search for overseas profits, raw materials and markets. Once trade was established, the struggle for power and control of trade between European countries led to the expansion and protection of overseas interests. This protection and expansion led to the creation of empires. The Iberian empires of Spain and Portugal both set out to trade with Asia for exotic goods such as silks and spices. Notions of empires and conquests did not come until after trade was established and successful. Portugal began trading along the west African coast hile in search for a trade route to the rich markets of Asia. In 1498, Vasco da Gama found that route rounding the Cape of Good Hope and sailing to India. The Portuguese had successfully established a monopoly of trade in Asia. Pedro Alvares Cabral sailed in 1498. He was supposed to follow da Gama, but got lost and ended up in Brazil in 1500. Soldiers and settlers were sent to these lands to help solidify Portugal’s hold on the valuable territories. Portugal had colonies in Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Sao Tome, Principe, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia and China By the middle of the 1500’s. They were threatened by the Spanish arriving close by in the Philippines in 1565. () Bases and administrative centres were set up in Ambonia and Tidore and Portugal had a strong hold on India in Bengal. Portugal gained enormous wealth from these lands. They obtained gold and participated in the slave trade from Africa. They also got gold and diamonds from Brazil. The spice trade from Asia was very lucrative. Portuguese planters in these lands contributed also to the overall wealth of the country. Portugal overextended itself, however, and was invaded successfully by Spain in 1580. England, the Netherlands and France were able to steal away parts of the empire during this time. After regaining its independence, Portugal never really rose to its former glory. It was constantly under attack by Spain for many years. It did hold onto many of its colonies until the mid 1970’s, but the people of those colonies did not allow Portugal to take all of their wealth as it had done before. Spain had also set out to trade in Asia, but they were sidetracked by Columbus’ discovery in 1492. Columbus was trying to bypass the monopoly Portugal had over trade in the East. Instead he enabled Spain to build an empire which included Mexico, Central America, most of the West Indies, the Southwestern portion of what is now the United States and the western part of South America. The Spanish exploited the Caribbean and the Americas for economic advantage. The Spanish Empire also included Portugal, present day Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, and the Philippines. Spanish colonies were set up to keep control of trade and resources after threats from the Dutch and the English. Also colonies were set up to support the home economy. Many wars and poor management led to the decline of Spain’s control of this vast empire. Much land and military resources were lost when Spain came out on the losing side of several wars. Many of the people in the colonies revolted against harsh Spanish rule. Cuba, the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico were the last of Spain’s valuable holdings to go after their defeat in the Spanish-American War in 1898. Economic interests for Spain were at the head of expansion. Gold, silver and precious stones were seen as the â€Å"treasure† of the Spanish Empire. Both Portugal and Spain initially set out to trade and profit from Asia nd only advanced towards empire when their economic After 1600, northern European countries began trading overseas regularly and started to develop economic interests that led to empires. The English and the Dutch saw how lucrative Spanish and Portuguese colonies were and they developed aspirations of their own. The Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company emerged in the early seventeenth century as major powers to take trade away from Portugal and Spain. The English and the Dutch used their dominant naval forces to remove Spain and The English gained power in India over the Portuguese. They acquired Madras and Bengal. The English were only interested in trading with the East, not in colonising the area. They made agreements with the rulers of India for favorable trading conditions. When the Mongul rulers of India began to lose power, then the English East India Company stepped in and took over to protect its economic interests. England did settle extensively its colonies in North America and parts of Africa. England, weakened also by many wars, lost or gave independence to most of its empire. The Dutch by virtue of their superior navy were able to create a tremendously extensive empire in the East. The Dutch captured the fort on Ambonia from the Portuguese and the Portuguese ended up losing their stronghold, Malacca. The Dutch East India Company set up headquarters in Batavia (which is now called Jakarta) in Indonesia. They had exclusive trading rights with Japan and also controlled Ceylon and the southern tip of Africa. They colonized New Netherland which is New York today. The Dutch fought many wars and were finally defeated by the English in 1784. Ten years later they were invaded by the French. Most of their possessions were confiscated during this time. rivals in trade so they had to establish footholds in rder to preserve their trading. The Dutch had settlements in Batavia and control of trade in the far east. The English acquired Madras and Bengal. England ended up ruling over India to protect profitable trade, not for glory or sovereignty. There was no movement of population into India and only after a century and a half did anything besides trade play a part in relations with India. These footholds resulted in empires, but they were conceived in order to maintain economic advantage in the east. European empires hold their roots in early trade and the search for overseas markets. John Cuningham, an conomist, suggests that evolution of empire is due to † gradual extension of commerce [and] advent to trading companies coupled with the desire to enrich power and prestige of the mother country. I agree with this statement because of the origin of trade that European empires had. European countries began expansion in search of riches like gold and diamonds, trade like spices and silk, and land to grow valuable crops like coffee. They only resorted to control when their economic enterprises were in danger. Empires developed as a means of economic expansion to enable European countries to maintain their profits, raw materials and markets. How to cite The Empire and Colonialism in Asia, Essay examples

Biology and Technology in the Real World †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Describe about genetically modified organism, purpose of genetic engineering, creation of GMOs, GMO food in supermarket, safety of GMO food and regulations for GMO Answer: Genetically modified organism Genetically modified organisms are organisms like plants, animals or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered to create new trait with desired characteristics and which does not occur naturally by mating. Recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering is used to improve breeding time and transfer traits from distantly related plants. It selects target genes and transfers it from one organism to other. It is also called transgenic organism for transfer of genes (Barrows et al., 2014). Purpose of genetic engineering The main purpose of genetic engineering is to increase crop yield or to improve nutrient value in food. The producers or consumers will get benefit from it. It gives producers the chance to get desired variety at low cost and efficiently market their product. They get benefit in term of durability and more nutritional value. Genetically modified seed developers produce innovative products so that it is accepted by producers. Another purpose of GMO is to protect crops through the introduction of insects or herbicide resistant varieties. For example herbicide resistance is achieved through the introduction of genes from a bacteria that is resistant to herbicides ("QA: genetically modified food", 2016). Creation of GMOs Recombinant DNA technology employs different methods to desirable traits of plants or animals. In the case of plants, genes that express the desired trait is selected in the laboratory and physically transferred to a new plant to enhance the trait in the new plant. Such plants are known as transgenic plants. Often the technique is used to produce herbicide-resistant plants. Insulin is also prepared by this process (How to Make a GMO - Science in the News. (2015). The steps for genetically modified crops are as follows: Identification of trait of interest: Scientist discovers new trait after critical thinking to identify the desirable variety of characteristics. For example for searching a trait of the crop that will survive in the specific environment, a scientist would search for an organism that survives well in those environments. They could go for screening a list of plants; they produce a nutrient of interest. Isolation of desired genetic trait: Scientist comparatively analyzes different varieties to decode which part of an organism's genetic composition contains trait of interest. The genome of organism with the trait in same species is compared to genome without the trait to identify genes present in the former Introducing the desired trait into new genome: Desired genome is inserted into new organism to alter their genetic composition. For example in biotechnological research, bacterias are genetically engineered to produce the desired protein. Specific enzymes are used to cut and paste a DNA into the plasmid. Bacteria are then given heat or electric shock so that it accepts the genetically engineered plasmid. Multiplying genetically modified organism: After successful insertion of a genetic trait into an organism's genome, the organism replicate with the newly engineered genome. A scientist should ensure that scientist should propagate only when they are sure that genome was modified correctly (Prado et al., 2014). GMO food in supermarket The food in the supermarket that is genetically engineered is rice, soybean, sugar beets, additives and preservative like aspartame, cotton, corn, dairy products, tomatoes, oils, etc. Crops like cotton have been genetically modified to resist pests. Rice is modified to produced flood resistant varieties or with the desired level of nutritional content. Some crops like sugar beets, corns, etc. are engineered to produce weed resistant varieties so that they grow faster. Soy is modified in countries to get a high level of oleic acid. Cows are also given recombinant growth hormone to increase the quantity of milk produced ("Top 20 Foods and Products that have been Genetically Modified", 2016). Safety of GMO food There is great debate regarding whether GMOs are safe for human consumption or not. Supporters of GMO feel that all transgenic crops and foods are properly assessed for its safety, and all national regulatory authorities adequately monitor all such products for increased risk to human health. Many people feel that they consume such foods without any adverse side-effects. But still, there is safety concern related to transgenic products regarding the possibility of allergens, toxins or other harmful compounds present in such food. The long-term effect of transgenic food is also not clear. It is difficult for a scientist to detect the long-term effect of such foods because of genetic variability in foods. Antibiotic resistance food may be harmful as the genes may enter the cells of the body through food products. It may affect the gastrointestinal tract due to the development of disease resistant variety strain that can have adverse health consequences. Allergic reactions may occur by consuming this food due to allergenicity, gene transfer and outcrossing. Outcrossing refers to the migration of genes from GM to traditional crops. It may have an indirect effect on food safety and food security (Hilbeck et al., 2015). Regulations for GMO Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for regulating the genetically engineered food for human and animal consumption. The regulations may vary according to a different country. The USA is the largest grower of genetically modified crops. The U.S regulatory policy is governed under Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology. Before the release of genetically modified organism, food is assessed under Plant Protection Act by US Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is also determined by FDA and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Strauss Sax, 2016). Food Agency reviews the safety of GM food by laws such as Toxic Substance Control Act, Plant Protection Act, National Environmental Protection Act, Public Health Service Act, Public Health service Act, etc. The FDA policy gives responsibility to the producer to assure the safety of foods. FDA imposes U.S food safety law that prohibits the production of unsafe food. All genetic ally modified crops need to meet the legal requirement for foods. This ensures that food producers meet all obligations to supply safe food to the market. All producers have to consult FDA before marketing their products. EPA regulates pesticide in GM food to ensure that they are safe for consumers as well as the environment (Consumer Info About Food from Genetically Engineered Plants, 2016). Reference Barrows, G., Sexton, S., Zilberman, D. (2014). Agricultural biotechnology: the promise and prospects of genetically modified crops.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,28(1), 99-119. Consumer Info About Food from Genetically Engineered Plants. (2016).Fda.gov. Retrieved 30 June 2016, from https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/GEPlants/ucm461805.htm Hilbeck, A., Binimelis, R., Defarge, N., Steinbrecher, R., Szkcs, A., Wickson, F., ... Novotny, E. (2015). No scientific consensus on GMO safety.Environmental Sciences Europe,27(1), 1. How to Make a GMO - Science in the News. (2015).Science in the News. Retrieved 30 June 2016, from https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/how-to-make-a-gmo/ Prado, J. R., Segers, G., Voelker, T., Carson, D., Dobert, R., Phillips, J., ... Reynolds, T. (2014). Genetically engineered crops: from idea to product.Annual review of plant biology,65, 769-790. QA: genetically modified food. (2016).World Health Organization. Retrieved 30 June 2016, from https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/ Strauss, S. H., Sax, J. K. (2016). Ending event-based regulation of GMO crops.Nature biotechnology,34(5), 474-477. Top 20 Foods and Products that have been Genetically Modified. (2016).Seattleorganicrestaurants.com. Retrieved 30 June 2016, from https://seattleorganicrestaurants.com/vegan-whole-foods/top-20-genetically-modified-foods/

Creativity Essays - Dream, Neurophysiology, Consciousness

Creativity In Dreams The mind at its Creative Peak "That which the dream shows is the shadow of such wisdom as exists in man, even if during his waking state he may know nothing about it..... We do not know it because we are fooling away our time with outward and perishing things, and are sleep in regard to that which is real within ourselves."-Paracles The quote on dreams, taken out of the novel by Ann Faraday entitled The Dream Game, sums up the necessity for the dream and the importance of our creativity in the dream state. Not only is it imperative to understand this importance of creativity, but to ask and find out how this process we call dreaming takes place. One can accomplish this task by using a step by step approach to dreams. First looking at the mind from a psychological standpoint and then moving on to the creative process and how it is involved in dreaming. Ultimately, one will move to see that in a dream, the mind is at its creative peak because the mind is unconsciously opening doors to information processed during the day that has been unknowingly passed over. The mind is probably one of the most complex systems in the body and is constantly being studied. Though much is still to be understood, scientists have been able to watch carefully and see how the dream images are produced. Many experts say that more information is processed in a dreaming brain that in the awake state (Faraday 17). The brainstem generates signals (PGO Waves) with sensory information, the brainstem responds to the signals, but is not activated. These images are the sources of dream images. Although a brainstem is not activated, the signals do trigger a system called the Central Motor Pattern Generator, during REM sleep, which causes the sensation of movement during ones dreams (Hobson 162). REM sleep occurs every 90 minutes of the sleeping state, beginning first, with short activity and increasing with each passing period. REM periods are when the eyes move back and forth underneath the eyelids according to the brain activity in dreaming (Faraday 20). Not only is there a complicated process in the production of the dream image, but also as the brainstem is producing signals it causes a reaction called A.S.H. which creates the contents of ones dreams. A.S.H. or Activation-synthesis Hypothesis is the loss of a neurotransmitter that chemically charges the mind to process information differently (Hobson 164-5). These neurotransmitter's help creativity in dreams, but are not always used to their full potential. 95%-99% of dreams are forgotten because the aminergic neurotransmitters are blocked in REM sleep. However, when awaked in the REM state the transmitters are opened and information is recorded and remembered; creativity during the dream period is utilized (Hobson 166). The creative process is looked at from two main views. The first is that the creative process is not enhanced by dreaming, but when one is asleep, stress is not invading the mind and therefore it is free to think; that is the illusion of the mind being more creative. Stress is something that affects everyone almost every day. When applied to the creative thought process, it is easy to see how it can become a wall that is difficult to push through. The dream content can be traced to the current ongoing of the individuals life, before sleep, and to the emotional level of the dreamer on the subsequent morning. In a dream, events, thoughts and feelings are reflected, that are passed by because we are not aware to catch them; we are to stressed (Faraday 4). Stress comes from many sources in life such as home, work, and one of the most common among young adults and kids is school. When in deeper, longer period of REM sleep, stress is less and less a factor. This relief, during REM awakening dreams, leads to more bizarre dreams that include more physical and emotional activity. Each sense, in a dream state, is enhanced when awakened during REM cluster (Hobson 155-6). When this view of creativity in dreams is opened, stress is simply shown to be the cause of suppressing the mind and blocking the creative/problem solving ability in the awake state. The second approach to the subject of creativity in dreams, is that the mind is unconsciously opening doors to the information that we pass over each day, but unknowingly process. Brain-wave records show, that the dreaming brain is more active than the one that is awake. Therefore, these records prove

Dissolve Definition in Chemistry

Dissolve Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, to dissolve is to cause a solute to pass into a solution. Dissolving is also called dissolution. Typically, this involves a solid going into a liquid phase, but dissolution can involve other transformations as well. For example, when alloys form, one solid dissolves into another to form a solid solution. Specific criteria must be met for a process to be considered dissolution. For liquids and gases, the substance that dissolves must be capable of forming non-covalent interactions with the solvent. For crystalline solids, the crystal structure needs to be broken up to release atoms, ions, or molecules. When ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into their component ions in the solvent. The term solubility refers to how readily a substance dissolves in a specific solvent. If dissolution is favored, the substance is said to be soluble in that solvent. In contrast, if very little solute dissolves, it is said to be insoluble. Keep in mind, a compound or molecule may be soluble in one solvent yet insoluble in another. For example, sodium chloride is soluble in water but not as soluble in organic solvents such as acetone or turpentine. Examples Stirring sugar into water is an example of dissolving. The sugar is the solute, while the water is the solvent. Dissolving salt in water is an example of dissolution of an ionic compound. The sodium chloride (salt) dissociates into sodium and chloride ions when it is mixed with water. Releasing the helium from a balloon into the atmosphere is also an example of dissolving. The helium gas dissolves into the larger volume of the air.

U.S. immigration policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. immigration policies - Essay Example Immigration policy in the United States reflects multiple goals. The laws were framed to accommodate the tourists, businessmen as temporary non-immigrants whose visits are confined to their particular purpose of visit.First, it serves to reunite families by admitting immigrants who already have family members living in the United States. Second, it seeks to admit workers with specific skills and to fill positions in occupations deemed to be experiencing labor shortages.Third, it attempts to provide a refuge for people who face the risk of political, racial, or religious persecution in their country of origin. Finally, it seeks to ensure diversity by providing admission to people from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States. Several categories of permanent and temporary admission have been established to implement those wide-ranging goals.The US immigration was primarily established to regulate the unlawful entry of the illegal anti social elements. M ajor changes in the world economy have propelled the immigrations after the world wars. The U.S immigration has evolved from various stages from federal regulations allowing the reunification of the families who have been isolated from their family members, to entice skilled low cost employees to propel the economy with more alien power leaving the natives jobless. The laws were framed to accommodate the tourists, businessmen as temporary non-immigrants whose visits are confined to their particular purpose of visit. Globalization and technological change have radically altered the nation's industrial and occupational structures to the disadvantage of organized labor's historic membership strengths. The skilled work forces were provided with permanent residents status to gain on their low wage status. The globalization and technological advancement round the world has equally added significance in the immigration norms. The refugees and asylum seekers were allowed to enter the U.S and were granted with permanent status after a period of one year dumping large numbers of unemployable people into U.S which indirectly drive the companies to look out for foreign brains. Outsourcing has shifted the jobs of America to low investment base countries in Asia. Both refugees and asylum-seekers may file an application seeking lawful permanent resident status after one year in the United States. In 2004, about 71,000 LPR adjustments were granted to refugees and asylum-seekers, accounting for roughly 8 percent of all legal admissions to the United States. The asylum policy resulted in providing permanent residential status to illegal immigrants who were initially not allowed into America. The asylum policy has encouraged more number of people to take the path of the former illegal entrants thus creating a cumulative effect of more requests from illegal immigrants waiting for their turn. The commotion has created a major issue of inducing unskilled laborers The statistics suggest that the employers in the U.S were adopting unhealthy practices to bring in cheap labour to fill up the vacancies and build up their balance sheets. The more the availability of skilled low cost labor who can start with much lesser wages the more difficult for the native workers to get the wage hike and career advancement. The local unemployed lot has to compete with the skilled low cost laborer from other countries The local workers were left with no job as the positions are imported from skilled labour from developing countries. Immediate relatives of citizens have generally accounted for the largest share of permanent immigrant admissions. The family dependent immigrations are largely accepted in the U.S These unification may bring in more uncalculated educated population into U.S unknowingly. The reforms should address these issues to stop the ill affect on the jobs created. The increase in the number of low cost employees by employers will ultimately project a rude economic disaster"the unemployment". The companies should be monitored to make them search for resources in the native country and then venture into other countries for employees with specific skills. The number of

Business communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business communication - Coursework Example Considering that communication takes place either verbally or non-verbal such as office memos, reports, legal documents; our choices of words and phrases, tone of the speaker’s voice, as well as our gestures, facial expression and body movements when we communicate with other people reflect our own personality. The same theory and concept applies in business communication. Basically, the use of short paragraphs that is well organized and logical reflects the speaker’s characteristics in terms of being a very organized and logical person. In case the speaker is found of using positive words, the audiences will have the impression that the speaker is optimistic in life. For example: A business communicator who does not have the ability to discuss the subject matter straight to the point is likely to send message to his/her audiences that he/she does not have a clear idea on what he/she is discussing. As a result, the audiences are expected to lose their trust and loyalty with the business

Critical Analysis of the Movie Munich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Analysis of the Movie Munich - Essay Example "The Palestinians are never developed to the same extent. We get the impression that their resistance is irrational and unfounded; they've never faced the same psychic misery that Israeli Jews have" (Samuel. 2006). In this movie justice is as equally visceral as carnage where victims are blown to pieces by exploding television sets, dynamite in hotel beds and booby-trapped telephones, as if advancing the idea that violence begets violence. "His exhausting thriller tries to plant a white flag between Israel and Palestine by revisiting one of the ugliest dogfights in their toxic history" (Christopher. 2006). Operation Wrath of God although never been formally acknowledged by Israel, is immaculately presented in this film with an expert use of considerable skills to create an alarming sense of authenticity. The details are so specific: the trendy flared trousers, the grainy film stock, even the way the poodles are shaved in Paris. While there are many other film critiques who marvels at the magnificence of the plot along with the timely twists and irony, to me this movie simply speaks about terrorism, being the central theme further expounded into several areas of justifications. A resounding justification that terrorism and the acts that goes along with it, is a solution and at the same time a problem similar to the purported notion on an eye for an eye. Terrorism and hostage taking traces its roots back during early civilization. There are numerous references to abduction throughout Greek mythology. In medieval times hostages were taken for money or a guaranteed safe passage through a country. In the U.S., Indians on the western frontier terrorized settlers to frighten them away. Throughout the twentieth century, up until the 1970's various terrorist acts were committed, yet they were not as big a problem as they are today. The new age of terrorism dawned at 4:30 in the morning of September 5, 1972, the members of the Israeli delegation awoke in their quarters in the Olympic village to the desperate cries of wrestling referee Joseph Gottfreund. Eight Arab commandos (from the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September) broke into the Olympic compound in Munich. In an attempt to create time for an escape, Joseph Gottfreund tried to block off the door to the quarters in order to stall the intruders. He told his colleagues to le ave the premises. The terrorist shot and killed him immediately along with Yaakov Springer, the weightlifting referee. Those in the adjoining apartments who were not woken by the muffled cries were woken from the sounds of machine guns. The commandos then took nine others of the eighteen-member Israeli Olympic team hostage. They then settled into the compound for a siege. The terrorists imprisoned and tied up the athletes and their coaches inside the apartments. They were moved into one of the delegates' room where they were guarded by eight of the terrorists. Their weapons included sub-machine guns, pistols and grenades. Moshe Weinberg, a wrestling referee, and Joseph Romano, a weightlifter, were killed during an effort to free themselves from the terrorists. History proved that the issues between the Israelis

Bbc health inequality

Bbc health inequality According to a recent report written by the BBC Health Inequality Gap ‘Widening gap (2005) it is apparent that there is a continual problem with inequalities of health. As illustrated by the report the government advisory group revealed latest figures demonstrate that the gap between the poorest and the population as a whole has increased. The Group chairman Professor Sir Michael Marmot revealed that he would still like the health standard to be as good in the worst off groups as it is in the best, adding that the health standard has improved more rapidly in the best off group than it has in the worst off. The aim of this paper is to explore this in more detail with regards to how inequalities of health are related to social class, gender and ethnicity. To represent the reality of inequality of health studies and statistics will be addressed.    An individuals social class status tends to be classified within the material, cultural and social capital of the individual. There has always been a relationship between social class and health. Despite the intervention of the NHS there are still disturbing figures based on the irregularity of health between social classes. For example infant mortality rate was nineteen percent higher in 2001-3 between the general population, compared to 13% higher in 1997-9. BBC (2005) although, one uses this statistic it is worth mentioning that the population increase could be a contributory factor. However it remains an alarming statistic. It is submitted that as a result of the lack of material gain of those of low social class status there is the likelihood of poverty, low educational attainment lack of resources in health and poor living conditions which relate to the inequality of health. Despite this as suggested by ‘Patient UK in the article Health and Social Class(2008) ‘the difference in health between social classes is not simply a matter of disposable income. However it is the general assumption that those who experience poverty in society are likely to be those from a low social class status. The Black Report (1980) and the Acheson Report (1998) titled Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report suggested that a reduction of the inequalities of income in societies may help eliminate some of the inequalities of health. Poverty remains a problem as it may result in the abuse of drugs alcohol which may contribute to social exclusion and mental health. Another argument of the link between inequality and social class comes from the distinction on cultural views. It is argued that lower social classes practice a less healthy lifestyle, do less exercise in contrast to their middle class counter parts.(Batty GD 2006) Moreover they are likely to drink and smoke more. This was evidenced by the Royal College of Physicians report onSmoking and Health(2008)where it revealed a huge distinction of those in lower social classes being more prone to smoking and drinking. Earlier on reference was made between the link of inequality and social capital. This relates to the level of connection people have within their community through social organisations, clubs, family and work. It has been revealed that the social capital can have an impact on health an example of this is illustrated by self report studies which show those isolated in communities acquired poorer health than those employed. Julian Tudor Hart(1971) made an interesting analysis on the failure of the NHS to provide a uniform standard of care. What she referred to as ‘The Inverse Care Law. She emphasised that the â€Å"availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served She elaborated her point revealing that   hospitals in poorer areas tend to have more ‘obsolete buildings and suffer recurrent crises in the availability of beds and replacement staff. There are apparent differences in the inequality of health and gender. Variations include the life expectancy and mortality, morbidity, health related behaviour and the socio-economic status. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998). One of the arguments raised as to the inequality of gender in health concerns the mortality and life expectancy. There is strong evidence which suggests that mortality rates are higher for men than women for all the major causes of death including cancer. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998) highlighted the variation of cancer for women and men. Whereas breast cancer was the main cause of death and lung cancer was second common, men mean lung cancer was the most common and prostrate cancer second common. The inquiry also revealed that life expectancy is five years longer in women than men. With regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. For example the life time risk of fracture of the hip in women is 14% more compared to 3% for men. (Acheson 1998) There are also variations in health related behaviour which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender. As illustrated by the Acheson Report (1998)almost 7% of men drink alcohol heavily 50 units per week in contrast to 2% of women who drink 35 units per week. Women are more likely to eat consume healthier food than men.( Acheson   1998). However mens physical activity is greater to that womens which is due to mens higher levels of occupational activity. The variation in women socioeconomic status also relate to the inequality of health in gender. Although women have increased in participation of paid employment they are more vulnerable to poverty as a result of their different occupational and domestic positions. It has been estimated that almost 66% of adults in the poorest households are women and 60% are dependant on income support. Moreover social isolation is more likely in women than in men most evident in the fact that older women are more likely to be widowed. In addition to arguments that illustrate how gender inequalities link to health it is also worth demonstrating how cultural expectations of men and women impact on health. It has been submitted that ‘frustration hopelessness and low self -esteem associated with unemployment are likely to be felt amongst men and if their female partner may also be out of work. This is relevant to the health as it may have a negative impact on health.   The Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities (1993-94)(FNSEH) gave an insight into the relationship between ethnicity and health. In reaching their findings the socioeconomic status was taken into account. This was measured by material deprivation in relation to housing problems, and ownership of cars as well as consumer durables was considered. It demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities contribute to the inequalities in health within ethnic groups, and may also contribute to the inequalities in health between ethnic groups. Although the FNSEH (1993-94) measured socioeconomic factors to reach its findings it could also have considered other factors such as cultural issues and educational attainment in order to get a wholesome insight into the link between ethnicity and health. Furthermore the findings of the FNSEH (1993-94) was established a while ago indeed circumstances may have changed on the impact of health and ethnicity. The impact of the recession may be looked into as it is possible that the ethnic minorities may suffer the consequences of the economic downturn more. Ethnic migrants have increased due to expanding membership of the EU so it would be interesting include their relationships and links with health. It has been suggested by the Acheson Report (1998) that the diversity of experience of health between different ethnic groups may reflect in the different causes of poor health. This includes differences between ethnic groups on the susceptibility of getting poor health and differential access to factors which ameliorate cause or susceptibility, such as, preventive health care services. Poverty seems to be a contributory factor in the relation between ethnicity and health. It has been suggested that those from minority ethnic groups have higher than average rates of unemployment. (Maguire 1980)[13]. Furthermore there is a clear association between material disadvantage and poor health. This is most evident in the fact that according to studies of (Acheson D 1998) very high proportions of people from some minority ethnic groups are living on low levels of income, and are dependent on state benefits. The impact of housing safety and surrounding environment are factors which contribute to the relationship of ethnicity and health. Although owner occupation is quite high in some minority ethnic groups, housing quality is often poor. (Acheson D 1998) Overcrowding has been found to be more common in some minority ethnic groups. With regards to safety the FNSEH (1993-94) found that more than one in eight people from minority ethnic groups had experienced some form of racial harassment in the past year with 25%   of all respondents fearful of racial harassment. The British Crime Surveys have shown that South Asians and African Caribbeans are at greater risk of being victims of crime than whites. Such issues encountered by ethnic groups   is likely to contribute to health negatively in particularly   mental health. The impact of socioeconomic inequalities can be reduced however in saying this it may possibly marginalise ethnic groups implying that their problems are different to th ose of the majority. Despite this there is the risk of further inequality. It is important to assess the evidence one has raised on this paper. With regards to the reports cited (The Black Report, The Acheson Report)   it may be argued that the research sample used are not enough and so the findings may not be representative of the time. In addition to this the reports were conducted some over10 years ago and others 20 years ago and so inevitably circumstances may have changed.   Therefore the findings may not be as applicable now. Despite this the main trends still exist. Health inequalities are not reducing in the UK and the most socially and economically deprived areas continue to have those who suffer the worst health. There has always between a relationship between health and social class despite the intervention of the welfare state and the NHS. It appears that the economic, environment and cultural issues impact negatively on those with lower social class status in contrast to those in higher social class status. One is also sympathetic to the arguments laid out by Julian Hart on the ‘inverse care law which highlight the failure of the NHS to offer uniform care. This undoubtedly may also impact on the link between health and social class. Arguments also suggest a link between gender and health. Research conducted by the DoH found that with regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. In addition to this the variations in health related behaviour, which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender Disturbing illustrations of this include higher mortality rates this should not be allowed to persist. As well as this the fact that women tend to be socioeconomically worse off is a negative factor. However cultural expectations of men and health related behaviour also lend a hand in finding the link of gender and health. As research and various statistics will highlight , there are indeed links to ethnicity and health. Most prevalent is the economic and environmental factors which highlight differences in health between the ethnic groups and the majority groups.

germany Essay -- essays research papers

Germany is a country located in Central Europe, which is officially named the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland). On October 3, 1990 Germany's East and West became one nation under unification, the capital city now being Berlin. Germany has the second largest population in Europe with eighty two million, next to that of the Soviet Union. Germany's land borders are with Denmark on the north, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemborg, and France on the west, Switzerland and Austria on the south, and Czechoslovakia and Poland on the east and southeast. The present leader of Germany is Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, who was elected October 27, 1998 and is now serving his second term in office. Germany's currency is the "Euro," which is a common currency among twelve other European nations. Germany's flag consists of three equal horozontal strips of black, red, and gold. The flag symbolizes German unity. Germans believe the colors in the flag have a meaning, blac k represents "out of the darkness," red represents "through blood", and finally gold which represents "into sunshine." The flag was adopted in 1990 when East and West Germany unified. Major German cities include: Berlin (3.4 million), Hamburg (1.7 million), MÃ ¼nchen (Munich)(1.2 million), KÃ ¤ln(Cologne)(964,000), Frankfurt, Essen, DÃ ¼sseldorf, Stuttgart, Dresden, Hanover, and Bonh. All these major cities have a wonderful cultural history; consisting of over two-hundred theatres and opera houses, one-hundred large orchestras, and more than two-thousand museums amongst them. Most of the cultural ongoings in Germany are financed by the state and local governments. Music plays an important role in Germany's culture with such well-known artists as: Johann Sebastian Bach, Georger Frederick Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig von Beethoven, Felix Mendelssohn, and Franz Schubert. Germans take great pride in the long list of great people who made music famous both in Germany and around the world. German people also enjoy sports and recreation; the most popular of which is soccer called Fussball. A favorite winter sport is skiing. Germany consists of four major land regions: the Northern Plains, the Central Highlands, the Alpine Foothills, and the Rhine River Valley. Ma... ...school (Gymnasium). Students who finish secondary school usually become apprentices for three years, so they can learn a trade. There are one-hundred ninety five universities, and other institutions of higher learning in Germany, as well as, more than twenty five art and music academies. The 2003 literary rate in Germany was 99%; therefore, proving a highly successful educational system. Germany has an extensive system of social security and welfare. It covers old-age pensions, unemployment (2005 unemployment rate is 4.8 million), sickness benefits, allowences for injury, rent, and child care, as well as, grants for education and job training. About one-third of Germany's gross national product is spent on social security. Germany also suffers from a housing shortage, and rents remain high.Most people live in apartnments, while few people own homes, since land is very expensive. Germany is a strong force in Europe, which has many good cultural, educational, and social ideas. The United States and Germany have maintained a good relationship over the years, and hopefully will continue to do so.

Freedom of Air

* First Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right). * Second Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for non-traffic purposes (also known as a Second Freedom Right). Third Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier (also known as a Third Freedom Right). * Fourth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier (also known as a Fourth Freedom Right). Fifth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right). ICAO characterizes all â€Å"freedoms† beyond the Fifth as â€Å"so-called† because only the first five â€Å"freedoms† have been officially recognized as such by international treaty. Sixth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving between two other States (also known as a Sixth Freedom Right). The so-called Sixth Freedom of the Air, unlike the first five freedoms, is not incorporated as such into any widely recognized air service agreements such as the â€Å"Five F reedoms Agreement†. Seventh Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between the territory of the granting State and any third State with no requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of the recipient State, i. e the service need not connect to or be an extension of any service to/from the home State of the carrier. Eighth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the home country of the foreign carrier or (in connection with the so-called Seventh Freedom of the Air) outside the territory of the granting State (also known as a Eighth Freedom Right or â€Å"consecutive cabotage†). Ninth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting State (also known as a Ninth Freedom Right or â€Å"stand alone† cabotage). Source: http://www. icao. int/icao/en/trivia/freedoms_air. htm

5 Types of Modifying Mistakes

5 Types of Modifying Mistakes 5 Types of Modifying Mistakes 5 Types of Modifying Mistakes By Mark Nichol A modifier is an optional word or phrase that changes the nature of the information in a sentence without altering the sentence’s grammatical structure by its inclusion or omission. The specific varieties of modifier misuse follow. 1. Dangling Modifier A dangling modifier is one in which the introduced word or phrase seems to be associated with the subject rather than the object, or with nothing. In â€Å"A keen observer of popular culture, Smith’s words are as pertinent as they are poetic,† Smith’s words, rather than Smith himself, are said to be a keen observer. To unambiguously make the intended point, the writer should form the â€Å"keen observer† comment as a complete clause and conclude the sentence with a separate clause: â€Å"Smith is a keen observer of popular culture, and his words are as pertinent as they are poetic.† 2. Dangling Participle One type of dangling modifier is the dangling participle, in which the sentence element that misleads the reader is, or includes, a participle, a word that appears to be both an adjective and a verb, such as leading in the following example: â€Å"Leading the way, the path opened into a clearing.† This sentence errs by not explicitly mentioning the object in this case a person preceding others as they follow a path that leads to a clearing and thereby suggesting that the path, rather than a person, led the way. Depending on the writer’s intent, the sentence should refer to the object in the first person (â€Å"As I led the way, the path opened into a clearing†), the second person (â€Å"As you led the way, the path opened into a clearing†), or the third person (â€Å"As she led the way, the path opened into a clearing†). 3. Disruptive Modifier A disruptive modifier is one that interrupts the flow of a sentence because it is located between the verb and the object. In â€Å"He was instructed to administer every two hours the dosage,† administer and â€Å"the dosage† should be adjacent. The modifying phrase, in this case, is best positioned at the end: â€Å"He was instructed to administer the dosage every two hours.† A split infinitive, in which a preposition is separated from a verb by an adverb (â€Å"She intended to quickly leave a message†) rather than being in proximity, with the adverb placed elsewhere (â€Å"She intended to leave a message quickly†), is a type of disruptive modifier. However, although split infinitives can sound awkward, many writers, recognizing that the traditional prescriptive ban of such constructions was founded on a misguided effort to emulate the supposedly perfect grammar of Latin, consider them acceptable. 4. Misplaced Modifier A misplaced modifier, because its location in a sentence is erroneous, affects a word or phrase other than the one intended. In the sentence â€Å"Do we really want folks who are so easily duped in the White House?† the incorrect implication is that there is a concern about people being deceived while they are located in the White House. But this sentence features a casual reference to the current presidential administration, not to just anyone who happens to be visiting the White House, so the modifying phrase â€Å"in the White House† should immediately follow folks and precede the action: â€Å"Do we really want folks in the White House who are so easily duped?† A variation of this problem is caused by the misplacement of a limiting modifier almost, only, simply, and the like. Only, in the sentence â€Å"He wasn’t only listening to tone, but also to the rhythms and patterns† suggests that the subject was doing more to tone than listening to it, but the meaning, which only becomes clear when the entire sentence is read which becomes clear only when the sentence is read, that is is that the subject was listening to tone as well as to other qualities. That meaning is expressed in this revision: â€Å"He was listening not only to tone but also to the rhythms and patterns.† 5. Squinting Modifier A squinting modifier, also called a two-way modifier, is a word whose association is ambiguous; it could be modifying a preceding word or a following one. In â€Å"Asking the child about it too often results in shrugs,† the writer has failed to communicate whether shrugs occur from too-frequent questions, or whether questions asked with an unstated frequency result in an excessive number of shrugs. One solution is to place the modifier at the beginning of the sentence: â€Å"Too often, asking the child about it results in shrugs.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleWords That Begin with Q

Learn More About the History of Lasers

Learn More About the History of Lasers The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It is is a device that emits a beam of light through a process called optical amplification. It distinguishes itself from other sources of light by emitting light in a spatially and temporally coherent manner. Spatial coherence keeps the beam within a narrow and tight path over long disances. This allows the energy generated to be used in applications such as laser cutting and laser pointing. Having temporal coherence means that can emit light within a narrow spectrum to generate a light beam of a specific color. In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized about the process which makes lasers possible called Stimulated Emission. He detailed his theory in a paper titled Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation). Today, lasers are used in a wide range of technologies including optical disk drives, laser printers and barcode scanners. They are also used in laser surgery and skin treatments as well as cutting and welding. Before the Laser In 1954, Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow invented the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) using ammonia gas and microwave radiation. The maser was invented before the (optical) laser. The technology is very similar but does not use visible light. On March 24, 1959, Townes and Schawlow were granted a patent for the maser. The maser was used to amplify radio signals and as an ultra sensitive detector for space research. In 1958, Townes and Schawlow theorized and published papers about a visible laser, an invention that would use infrared and/or visible spectrum light. However, they did not proceed with any research at the time. Many different materials can be used as lasers. Some, like the ruby laser, emit short pulses of laser light. Others, like helium-neon gas lasers or liquid dye lasers, emit a continuous beam of light. The Ruby Laser In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. Many historians claim that Maiman invented the first optical laser. However, there is some controversy due to claims that Gordon Gould was the first and there is good evidence backing that claim. The Gordon Gould Laser Gould was the first person to use the word laser. Gould was a doctoral student at Columbia University under Townes, the inventor of the maser. Gould was inspired to build his optical laser starting in 1958. He failed to file for a patent his invention until 1959. As a result, Goulds patent was refused and his technology was exploited by others. It took until 1977 for Gould to finally win his patent war and receive his first patent for the laser. The Gas Laser The first gas laser (helium-neon) was invented by Ali Javan in 1960. The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. It has been used in many practical applications. Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser In 1962, inventor Robert Hall created a revolutionary type of laser that is still used in many of the electronic appliances and communications systems that we use every day. Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser The carbon dioxide laser was invented by Kumar Patel in 1964. Walker's Laser Telemetry Hildreth Walker invented laser telemetry and targeting systems. Laser Eye Surgery New York City ophthalmologist Steven Trokel made the connection to the cornea and performed the first laser surgery on a patients eyes in 1987. The next ten years were spent perfecting the equipment and the techniques used in laser eye surgery. In 1996, the first Excimer laser for ophthalmic refractive use was approved in the United States. Trokel patented the Excimer laser for vision correction. The Excimer laser was originally used for etching silicone computer chips in the 1970s. Working in the IBM research laboratories in 1982, Rangaswamy Srinivasin, James Wynne and Samuel Blum saw the potential of the Excimer laser in interacting with biological tissue. Srinivasin and the IBM team realized that you could remove tissue with a laser without causing any heat damage to the neighboring material. But it took the observations of Dr. Fyodorov in a case of eye trauma in the 1970s to bring about the practical application of refractive surgery through radial keratotomy.

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Integrated Marketing Communications - Essay Example This piece of research paper reviews a brief literature on Integrated Marketing Communication and presents a strategic integrated marketing communication plan for Bodyfit Studio, which is a local gym and health-fitness centre in London. This paper addresses the relevance of IMC in today’s business and analyzes various steps involved in implementing the IMC plan. Integrated Marketing Communication Lamb, hair and McDaniel (2008, P. 413) described that IMC is an effective management program that coordinates and integrates among various promotional tools like advertising, sales promotion, public relation, personal selling, event marketing and interactive selling etc in order to ensure consistency in the messages to be communicated to the customers. As Schultz and Schultz (2004, p. 3) noticed, IMC enables a business accelerate its returns on investment mainly by linking its organizational goals and communication programs. As shown in the diagram, IMC is closely related to the promo tion mix elements of the 4Ps of marketing, they are Product, Price, Promotion and Place. IMC has been found to be an effective marketing strategy that helped firms improve operational efficiency, maintain stronger market share, create brand image, maintain better relationship with customers and thus to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. Planning, designing and developing of brand communication program play vital roles in the success of IMC program. IMC is widely used as a marketing technique that designs and develops systematic and measurable brand communication program with stakeholders of a business including customers, employees, suppliers etc. (Belch and Belch 2007, p. 11). For any business, the brand, mission and vision statements and proposition messages are very critical elements and these are to be communicated to its customers. IMC ensures effective communication, keeping consistency in messages, of the relevant messages to the potential customers. Factors to be co nsidered in setting up an IMC plan Basically, IMC is a marketing program that involves planning, coordination, integration, and implementation of various types of advertising and promotional activities (Shimp, 2008, p. 10). The major factors and features to be considered for planning and designing the IMC for the Bodyfit Studio are: Starting with studying, analyzing and evaluating the requirements and attitudes of targeted customers, Design and develop brand communication program, Identify the appropriate tools that can be used for the task Consider to maintain consistency in messages, Emphasizing on relationship building rather than focusing on engaging in flings’ Maintaining long-term focus on the ultimate objectives (Shimp, 2008, p. 11- 18). IMC plan for Bodyfit Studio Bodyfit Studio, that offers gym, Yoga and body fitness classes and healthcare services, wishes to retain its customers and attract more through an effective communication program. Though there are competitio ns between Bodyfit and quite a few numbers of other gym-centers like Virgin Active, Squash Class in its surroundings. Below is an IMC plan for the Bodyfit company to communicate effectively to its customers with an intention of retaining them and attracting more as well. As Belch and Belch (2007, p. 24) stressed, an effective

Culture and Socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture and Socialization - Essay Example There is no easy way to break this ice because the elevator ride would be finished in a matter of few seconds therefore a comfortable silence is certainly one of the acceptable ways to handle the situation. At the same time, it seems inappropriate to make other people in the elevator a party to a conversation between two friends therefore it can be observed that the second rule is adhered to as well. More importantly however, the elevator is often a confined space which puts people in close proximity with each other and that is an invasion of private space. However a distance of 2-3 feet can be established in a reasonably sized elevator therefore people would probably try to give each other as much personal space as possible to avoid invading that personal space. Individuals in the same elevator may be aware of each other’s presence but it seems like they are completely ignoring the presence since there is little or no eye contact once a person getting on to the elevator has found a spot for him/herself. Since they are not looking at each other, they follow the fifth rule to look at the top of the door with the floor marker which could also add to the illusion of space within the elevator since there is often no one to block the view to the top of the door. Social norms give us the means and examples of behavior in situations which may not have codified laws for conducting ourselves. Carspecken (1996) uses the example of elevator behavior to show how norms work in western society and suggests that while behavior in close proximity with strangers can be explained in terms of meanings, norms is a better term because it is related to the word normal, i.e. normal expected behavior which is agreed upon by the rest of the social setup in a given location. Carspecken goes on to write that norms are, â€Å"certain modes of acting

Knowledge Management System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Knowledge Management System - Research Paper Example Knowledge management outlines the major concerns of organizational efforts, change, and ability beside fundamental and irregular environmental changes. Additionally, it represents organizational procedures that look for a synergistic grouping of information and data processing capability of information technologies and the modern and inspired competence of various individuals. Moreover, the knowledge management is related to the practical and thoughtful implementation for the reason that it does not exist in the hypothetical description however in the actual world implementation where the maximum confronts and prospects recline (Global Risk Management Network LLC, 2011) and (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Knowledge management system is an innovative concept that is used to illustrate the creation of knowledge warehouses, knowledge availability, and distribution, communication through teamwork, improving the knowledge framework and organizing knowledge as a plus point for an enterprise. Norm ally, a knowledge management system encompasses a variety of applications and techniques those are based on the set of tools, utilized to automatically gather, systematize, distribute, and evaluate business information between business users. Currently, corporations design and develop their content management systems which help gather and distribute knowledge. Moreover, at present, there exist hundreds of diverse knowledge management system and tools, all designed for a particular kind of business (Abdullah, Selamat, Sahibudin, & Alias, 2005) and   (Duea, 2011).

Maternal Behaviors and Their Effect on the Unborn Child Essay Example for Free

Maternal Behaviors and Their Effect on the Unborn Child Essay Pregnancy can be one of the most magical times in a woman’s life. There is nothing quite like taking care of the little person that is growing in the womb, and knowing that everything you do is going to have some kind of effect on that little person. For a vast majority of women, pregnancy is a magical time, one filled with awe and wonder. Pregnant women tend to take better care of themselves, making sure that they are providing the best environment for their growing child. Some women, however, do just the opposite and do not take care of themselves and thus harm the unborn child in their womb. There are several things that can have an adverse effect on the growing child. One of them is the mother’s nutrition. This is an easily adjustable factor, but one that some women don’t actually think about. When a woman becomes pregnant, according to www.americanpregnancy.org, she needs to consume roughly 300 more calories than normal in order to have a healthy pregnancy (http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/pregnancynutrition.html). This will provide the extra nutrition that the fetus needs. If a mother does not consume enough calories, she is putting her child at risk of being malnourished. A poorly nourished infant is more likely to get sick, as they do not have the ability to fight off illness as well as a properly nourished child. There is also a possibility that undernourishment can have an impact on the mental development of a child (Feldman, 329). Proper nourishment is vital to proper development both in the womb and once the child is born. Another behavior that can have an adverse effect on the growing child is alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol is a teratogen, which is known to be harmful to human development (http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/alcohol.html). Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause the unborn child to have fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS. This condition causes the child to be of below-average intelligence, have facial deformities, and growth delays (Feldman, 309). According to www.marchofdimes.com, alcohol can also cause the baby to have sucking and sleeping problems, behavior problems, and speech and language delays (http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/alcohol_indepth.html). Even if a mother doesn’t drink every day, even a small amount of alcohol can have adverse effects. Fetal alcohol effects is another condition that a child can develop. With FAE, the child may have some, but not all the symptoms of FAS (Feldman, 329). When my husband and I were foster parents, it was suspected that our foster son had FAE. He did not have growth delays, necessarily, as he was the average size of a child his age, but he did have some intellectual delays, speech problems, and some behavioral issues. Over all, he was a wonderful child, he just needed some extra care and attention in certain areas to compensate for the places he lacked. Drug use is also a behavior that can cause adverse effects on an unborn child. According to www.marchofdimes.com, about 4% of women use illegal drugs during their pregnancy. These include marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, and other amphetamines. To me, that is a staggering number of women. There are many problems that a child faces if the mother used drugs during pregnancy. Premature birth and withdrawal seem to be the most common. There is also the possibility of birth defects, such as heart defects and cleft palates. The symptoms and long term effects of drug use vary depending on the type of drug that the mother used. Some drugs are by far worse than others, but all of them carry a risk. All of the drugs tend to carry a risk of learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and attention problems. There are even some legal drugs, things that you can buy over the counter that can have an adverse effect on an unborn child (Feldman, 329). Aspirin is one such drug. Using aspirin, because of its blood thinning properties, can harm the child and cause excessive bleeding during childbirth (http://drugs.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/Womens-Health/Medications-to-Avoid-During-Pregnancy.htm). It would be advisable to consult with your doctor before taking any kind of medication while pregnant because any of them can have an adverse effect on the baby during different stages of pregnancy. I know for me personally, I don’t like taking anything other than my prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, because I’m fearful of what effect it could have on my child. When I was pregnant with my daughter, I almost refused to take Tylenol when I had a headache, because I was afraid it would do some harm. I’ve not been quite that way with my son, but I still avoid most medicines because I don’t want to risk doing any harm. Pregnancy is nothing short of a miracle, and should be treated as such. Providing a healthy environment for the baby to grow is of utmost importance, especially for the well-being of that child. Anything and everything that a mother does during her pregnancy has an effect on her unborn child. Getting proper nutrition and not using or abusing drugs or alcohol will help the mother have a healthy pregnancy and thus a healthy child. References: Feldman, Robert S. (2011) Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 9th Edition http://drugs.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/Womens-Health/Medications-to-Avoid-During-Pregnancy.htm http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/alcohol_illicitdrug.html http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/pregnancynutrition.html

A Review Of Air Asia

A Review Of Air Asia Air Asia is the Asian company, it was established in 1993 but its first operation commenced in 18 November 1996.it provide the only transportation services but it also provide the cargo services and courier services. As in the international market he faces severe competition. Air Asia faces many competitions and severe strong challenge of many new airlines and it also face competition with not only international airlines but also local airlines on the various routes to the Europe and Middle East. Because of the high oil prices international aviation industry regulation and some internal factor such as mismanagement corruption and lack of motivation and accountability. The assignment tells about the three section of the organization. In the first section of the organization are introduction and its corporate strategy development history and its business strategy. And in the second section we focus on the organization external analysis which includes the swot analysis and porter five forces. At the ending or third section we total focus on the organization future strategy, tell in the future if he gone to another country how achieve their target and to beat their competitors. And also describe the strategies of penetration to foreign country, how to stable Air Asia in this country. Introduction: The report is about the air line company in Asia which gives the air line services to the passenger namely AirAsia airline. Air Asia company is established in 1993 and firstly commenced operation on November 18, 1996. It was originally founded by a government -owned conglomerate DRB-Hicom. Asias well reputed and leading airline established with the dream of building flying possible for everyone. Since 2001, Air Asia has very rapidly broken the travel norms around the world and has become the most leading and innovative airline in the world. Air Asia also invited the low cost aviation through our innovation solution. With a route network that spans through more than 20 countries and it continues to cover the way for low cost aviation, efficient processes and an obsessive approach to business. Air Asia is set to take low cost flying to an all new high with our believe. Air Asia operate with the worlds lowest unit cost of US$0.023/ASK and the passenger breakeven load factor of 52% and world fastest growing airline in the world. It has hedge 100% of its fuel requirement for the next three year. Achieve an aircraft turnaround time of 25 minutes has a crew productivity level that is triple and achieve an average aircraft utilization rate of 13 hours a day. Air Asia focuses on different major issue first, it is partnering with the worlds most renowned maintenance providers and to comply with world airline operation to guarantee the passengers safety. Second, implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes, to assure lower costs and higher productivity. Third, low fare without compromising on quality and services. Fourth, streamline operation and lean distribution system. Fifth, applying the point-to-point network to keep operations simple and low costs. Air Asia keeps improving their supportive and their constructive management, and also has won many awards and recognitions in 2008 and 2009. The recent award of the Air Asia is the best airline of the year by Center Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA), best Asia low-cost carrier by TTG Travel Awards 2009, and world more best low-cost airline by Skytrax. Focusing on the low cost, long haul segment -AirAsia X was established in 2007 to provide high-frequency and point-to-point networks to the long haul business. AirAsia X efficient and reliable operation are fully licensed and monitored by Malaysian and international regulators. AirAsia X-traordinary in fight and service experience to all our guests, spreading the amazing AirAsia experience to exciting destination in Australia, China, India, Middle East and Europe. Vision statement: Their vision, under the slogan Now Everyone Can Fly, is To be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares Mission statement: Their mission is, under the banner of Affordable Airfares, To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia, without any compromise to Flight Safety Standards, as well as, creating a world wide recognizable brand with a family atmosphere within working conditions for employees. AirAsias mission statement is to be the Asia leading low fare no frills airline and first to introduce ticketless traveling, Air Asia will be unveiling more incentives in the future to encourage more air travel among Malaysians. Now everyone can fly clearly describes AirAsias value. Cost advantages created by Air Asia through operational effectiveness and efficiency go directly to the customers. The customer now enjoy much more surplus than before as the fare falls dramatically and Air Asia captures some of the dead weight losses by capturing segments of customers that previously cannot afford the airlines fare. Corporate strategy: Our corporate strategy is to become a global leader in the world through organic growth and offering differentiated travels other than the competitors in the world. We offered attractive customer services and safe environment to their customers. Air Asia achieved the best Asian low cost carrier by TTG Travel award. Business strategy: Air Asia business strategy is totally concentrated on the cost leadership. Its main aim to target specific competitive markets, and also offer low prices or price sensitivity to their customer. AirAsia provide the services at very low cost than its competitors and it has competitive advantage over its competitors. The central objective is to achieve bigger cost advantage than the rivals by continuously searching areas for cost reduction along with its value chain. Air Asia always looking to keep the operations simple and more efficient to keep the cost low, another AirAsia way to save cost is not to provide the food and drinks on the plane as the main purpose of the airline is just to move someone from one to another place cheaply. It sells food, snacks, and beverages, on the plane. So customer who want to eat or drink can just buy what they want through this AirAsia can get more and more profit from the sales and the food and the beverages because it sells the products for higher prices than supermarket or wholesaler prices. Air Asia does promotion by television, in tabloids, and in the newspaper, but also promotes the brand by sponsoring the amazing race Asia along the show and to have a sponsorship deal with England best football club Manchester United (MU). AirAsia also maintained the safety of the airplanes by complying with the highest international aviation safety standard and practices. Air Asia satisfying customers is the key for long term success, and it always tries to satisfy its customers by flying on time and during the flight time tries to create its team friendly atmosphere to every customer. SWOT Analysis: Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat Strength: Air Asia has a very strong management team and have strong link with the government and the airline industry leaders. Air Asia has a well strong name in the air line industry because they perform their operation in multiple countries like in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand etc. It has the competitive edge over its competitors because it provides the low cost traveling services all over the world. It also introduces the air buses on which he gives special discount to its customer and it also reduces the fuel cost. Its sponsorship deals with the Manchester United football which is the best in England and also in the world best football club increase the global brand recognition. It used the IT into their operation and get latest information to make newer airplanes. Differentiate from the other air lines; provide the timely services to their customer and more focus on the IT to create the innovation other than the competitors. Fifty percent of Air Asia Thailand which is held by the Tha ksin Shinawara enabled opening up of Thai market with large share. Air Asia has the partnership with other industries such as hotels, car rental firms, hospital include medical tourism, and Citibank has created a very unique image among travellers and also low cost leader in Asia. Weakness: Air Asia has consumed the high fuel consumption in 2008 which also decrease the overall profit and it also fluctuate and unstable the markets lead to increase the operational especially in the airline industry. Recently Air Asia have the poor reputation with customer, this is due to the late timing of flight arrival and the cancelation of the tickets and due to the non-central location of secondary airport it also increase the number of customer complaint. Air Asia can not maintain, no maintaianence, repair facility available, with increasing fleet this is a competitive advantage. Opportunities: In Asia the oil prices are increase very heavily it may be threat for the Air Asia but Air Asia is the low cost leader in the Asia pacific is the opportunity for the Air Asia to capture all the possible existing customer of full service among other low cost airlines customers and being low cost leader in the Asia it has the upper hand on the regional airlines has it big opportunity of the Air Asia. Asian middle class population is reaching almost 700 million by 2010, this create a large market share and huge opportunity for the Air Asia. Air Asia also offers new services such as holiday package and to increase sales, it gives you fidelity cards group discount etc. Air Asia also provide the online facility to get the ticket online and partnership with the Virgin airline which is the American company has well brand name , time slots , landing rights which is the big opportunity fir the Air Asia airline to grow more in the competitive market. Low cost philosophy strategy of Air Asia air line allow to opened more new routes to capture the middle class people in Pakistan, China, Bangladesh and in India. Threats: The threat to Air Asia is enter the potential entrant in the market like recently Singapore airline but Air Asia is the low cost leader in the market there is no more threat to the company, they already provide the low cost customer services to their passenger other than its competitors. They create a well brand name and win an airline award of the year in 2008 and generate more and more profit, so there is no major threat to the Air Asia Company. Porter Five Forces: Bargaining power of Supplier: Bargaining power of supplier is high because monopoly in the industry driven by Airbus and Boeing. Thats why there is not too much alternatives for airlines and there is no much more room for them to bargain. Therefore there is no major substitute available in the market, switching cost are high. Barganing power of Buyer: Barganing power of buyer is high because they have the internet facility and also mobile technology through which it can easily acess the pricess of which airline price are the lowest price.then you can easily move from one airline to an other airline thats why barganing power of buyer is high. Competitive rivalry: Air Asia has the low cost strategy in the leading market of airlines, it offer various discount on thier different package like holiday package. Therefore the competitive rivalry is in the favour of the Air Asia company and it leads in the Asian market, so there is no high competitve rivalry in the market. Threats of Substitute: Basically Air Asia cover many countries across the borders areas and its Asian region is very vast and with its geographic make up air travel is not only a feasible service but it is more efficient and effectiveness. This make the substitution is very low for the Air Asia airline. Thraet of new Entrants: Threat of new entrant is normally based on the market entry barriers like Government policies, tax, economies of scale brand identity, and access distribution. Air Asia has the low cost and market leader and has high capital investment in the market and gain huge market share and also have competitive advantage over the competitors , so finally the threat of new entrant is low or moderate because Air Asia is the market leader in the Asia pacific region. Future strategy of Air Asia: For the future strategy of the Air Asia is that, Air Asia is basically a cost leader between his own competitors. Its create innovation provide the higher class services to their customer. They totally dominate in his region. They also provide the on time service in the region which is basically is the Asia pacific. We achieve the entire target like competitive advantage; cost leadership, more innovative in our region, that why we penetrate to other market. Therefore we penetrate to other market or you can say foreign market like in Pakistan. But in future I recommend that it goes to the Pakistan to provide the services of high class services and also low cost. But in Pakistan Air Asia going with the aim in the future low cost leadership in Pakistan they introduce the some strategies like Proper recruitment process of their staff. Specialized people are hired. Introduce the proper organization structure But in the Pakistan I think that there is no major threat of the competitor enough in Pakistan like Air Blue and the Sheen Air line. But in Pakistan it becomes the leader because in Pakistan only three air lines are working. There services is not cheap and some time it is much on time provide the services and have not executive class of airlines and they have not control on their cost because the Pakistan International Air line is also down because their has no more expenses to bear because they already in loss and according to the other two air lines they also follow the same thing happening. But the Air Asia is the low cost leader in the Asia pacific over their competitors. When you move to other foreign market, you see the whole country politically, economically how much is strong in the economy and also include the social cultural factor, technological factor, legal factor and environmentally you check it. But in Pakistan the economically is average their, increase the oil prices but the tax rate is lower than other countries. When we launch our product into Pakistan firstly we introduce our services provide the quality according to the customer requirement and also provide the on time deliveries their staff is also cooperate and also create friendly environment with their passenger. They also invest in the good personal selection and training. And after this they are monitoring their customer satisfaction because customer is always the key for the organization. In Pakistan Air Asia offer differential price into the different season according to the peak season and the off season. To become the leader also in Pakistan there is no demand in the peak season can be cultivated And according to the price in the Pakistan the Air Asia introduces the different pricing strategies on the different routes: Firstly which type of Aircraft he used it. Second the cost of the operation. Competitors price And after this they are require to introducing the places and channels where the people bought the ticket is easily available. The channel is basically is the direct marketing, they should use the agent to sold their tickets, basically these agent have the approved travel agencies. Your agencies is sales only your airlines tickets. You give the commission to their travel agencies on the international route or the domestic route, the commission is: International sector = 8% Domestic sector = 4% All these offices are the computerized and directly linked to the head office which you place wherever in Karachi or Lahore etc. Air Asia also invests in the promotion of their airlines in Pakistan. They use the way of promotion like on TV commercial, you use the celebrity couples from the Pakistan when the season is off specially. You also give the add on news paper and used brochures. Air Asia also offers more flights in June and July because the Pakistani people go for the Umrah and Hajj. They also introduce the more package on the Umrah and Hajj, people move to your airline. Air Asia flexible fares- plan ahead and pay less, book international and the domestic flights early as possible because earlier you buy, cheaper you fly. And also give the discount on business class and economy plus, economy classes. And give the family offer in the business class if you buy three tickets get one free. The offer is available on the international routes. Air Asia also targets the people demographically according to their income segmentation and their occupation. The target the upper class and the upper middle class. They also have target in the future behavioral segmentation (occasion based) like; Hajjs occasion Eids occasion New Year occasion When Hajj operation is going people flying different from different cities of Pakistan to Saudi Arabia for the performance of Hajj. Eid occasion come people are come to Pakistan outside the country move to their home together their families. People prefer the New Year occasions with their family come to Pakistan and going to the outside Pakistan they give the low cost services other than their competitors. Air Asia basically compete easily in Pakistan because there is no major competitors in the market, they have the low cost award winner of the Asian airlines. Recommendation: Air Asia should also decentralized its structure in the Pakistan, increased motivation; give easy access of information and the resolution of the conflict. Air Asia gives the empowerment to their employees because they take an active part to make decision this make the employee productive with their job and feel more satisfaction to their function. And the employee would feel more independence they perform their duties more satisfaction and without hesitation. Reduce the overhead cost because labour is more effective. You give the less input it create the more output achieved and can saved the resources utilized in other areas and also introduce more training courses for the employee to increase the quality of the workforce could be increased. Hire the expertise to improve the efficiency of their services to save the overhead cost. Communicate with the employee more friendly and motivate them to encourage in the decision making. They advertise more and more on TV, Billboards because advertisement gives the more customers to you.